The History of Materialism by Lange Frederick Albert; & Bertrand Russell

Author:Lange, Frederick Albert; & Bertrand Russell [Frederick Albert Lange]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781317829898
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (CAM)

Notes

1 Otto Liebmann here specially deserves mention, who, in his work ‘Kant und die Epigonen’ (1865), expressed it as his conviction: “Es muss auf Kant zurückgegangen werden” (S. 215). Jürgen Bona Meyer, who as early as 1856 contributed to the then raging ‘Controversy on Body and Soul,’ one of the best elucidations from the Kantian standpoint, has in ‘Kant’s Psychologie’ (1870) similarly expressed himself as to Kant’s importance for present philosophy (Einl., S. 1-3). But of the utmost importance is especially ‘Kant’s Theorie der Erfahrung von Dr. Hermann Cohen,’ Berlin, 1871, because here for the first time the whole energy of a special effort was employed to master thoroughly the terminology of Kant, and so, under the guidance of the most accurate fixing of his ideas, to penetrate deeper into the philosopher’s meaning; the indispensable necessity of which had just been made clear to everybody by the singular controversy between Trendelenburg and Kuno Fischer, That the thoroughness with which Dr. Cohen went to work has not been without result will perhaps be evident from our present account of Kant’s philosophy in its relation to Materialism. The changes made since the first edition are due to a renewed examination of the whole Kantian system, occasioned chiefly by Dr. Cohen’s book. A very careful treatise, resting upon an accurate and independent investigation, is the essay contained in the ‘Altpreuss. Monatsschrift,’ Bd. vii. (reprinted, Königsb. 1870), of Dr. Emil Arnoldt, ‘Kant’s transscendentale Idealität des Raumes und der Zeit: Für Kant, gegen Trendelenburg.’ A thorough understanding of the main point in the Kantian philosophy is shown also by Carl Twesten in his book published in 1863: ‘Schiller in seinem Verhältniss zur Wissenschaft.’ This work is of later origin than the recently published posthumous historico-philosophical work of Twesten, in which he declares himself a Positivist. If we compare what Twesten says at p. 2 of the essay on Schiller, we are forced to the conclusion that Kant had displaced Comte in Twesten’s case.

2 Comp. Dr. M. J. Schleiden, ‘Ueber den Materialismus der neueren deutschen Naturwissenschaft, sein Wesen und seine Geschichte,’ Leipzig, 1863. A sharp but not unfair review of this work appeared anonymously under the title, ‘M. J. Schleiden über den Materialismus,’ Dorpat, 1864.

3 Comp. the preface to the second edition of the ‘Kritik.’ Kant indeed lets it here appear (note to p. xxii., Hartenst., iii. 20 ff.) that in thorughgoing criticism he claims the rôle of a Newton, by whose theory had been proved what Copernicus in his opinion (comp. as to this vol. i. p. 230) had only proposed as ‘‘hypothesis.” But for the purpose of gaining a first view of the nature of the Kantian reform, the comparison with Copernicus made in the preface is more important.

4 Comp. Krit. d. r. Vern., transcend. Methodenl., 4 Hptst.; Hart. iii. 561; E. T. Meiklejohn, p. 516.

5 The philosopliical works of Hume, Edinb., 1826, i. 315.

6 Loc. cit., p. 319, ff.

7 Prolegomena zu jeder künftigen Metaphysik, Riga, 1783, S. 167, Hart. iv. 101. [I have followed Mr.

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